完型填空

完形填空考查：词语意义、词汇辨析、词语搭配、固定短语、惯用法、句法功能、语法。

完形填空解题步骤：三步走/三遍

第一步：粗读全文，了解大意。（1分钟）

第二步：细读全文，逐一做题，初做答案。（13分钟）

第三步：重读全文，修改答案。（4分钟）

完形填空解题方法：

语境：看清上下文，找准定位词。

前后照应：有些答案能在原文中找到。

通顺逻辑，寻求搭配。

1、搭配判断法

　　根据对以往试题的分析，搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句。哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。

　　2、结构判断法

　　结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：

　　（1）转折、让步关系：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。

　　常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but，still，yet，however，though，although，no mattet，in spite of，anyway，even if等。

　　（2）因果关系：

　　表示原因的连词或词组有：because （of），due to，owing to，thanks to，since，for，as等。

　　表示结果的连词或词组有：so，therefore，then，as a result，in consequence，consequently，thus等。

　　（3）递进、补充关系：这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述）

　　常用的词、词组有：moreover，likewise，besides，in addition，also，too，not only…but also，apart from，what's more等。

　　（4）对比、比较关系：对比观点或事物间的差异性，比较观点或事物间的同一性。

　　表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast，by contrast，on the contrary，conversely，unlike，oppositely等。

　　表示比较的词或词组有：like，in comparison，compare…with，as，just，as等。

1.  If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would __1__: surfing（冲浪运动）. But isn't that a boy thing? Some people __2__. Most certainly not.

    I started surfing about five years ago and__3__in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding that first __4__ was the best feeling I had ever experienced.

    When I try to __5__ surfing with other things, I find it very difficult because, in my __6__, there's nothing like it. It involves（牵涉到）body, __7__, and soul. There's sand between my toes and cool, salt water all __8__ us. The feeling I get when I'm surfing across that __9__, becoming one with the__10__, is like I'm weightless.

1. A. tell      B. answer    C. give  D. realize

2. A. wonder      B. understand    C. reply       D. believe

3. A. stayed  B. came       C. dropped  D. fell

4. A. wave   B. storm      C. sail   D. boat

5. A. bring   B. connect   C. compare  D. tie

6. A. work   B. study      C. holiday   D. life

7. A. mind   B. effort      C. health      D. time

8. A. along   B. above      C. around    D. by

9. A. beach  B. water      C. board      D. lake

10. A. sky    B. world      C. earth       D. ocean

2.    The one thing I can __1__ from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge（挑战）. You can never be the "best suffer" because the ocean __2__ an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of surfing styles are wonderful. Some suffers are free and flowing; others are very aggressive（活跃有力的）and __3__. All of these things attract me to surfing and make it __4__ from any other sport.

    I've __5__ to tell every girl I know to do something that people don't think girls can do. It's part of being human to advance to new __6__, so shouldn't it be expected that girls should step up and start __7__ the limits of things boys and men used to dominate（主宰）?

    There're women __8__ side by side with the President of our country, so why not side by side with the boys __9__ the football team or out in the water surfing? Give girls a chance to __10__, and they will.

1. A. take     B. get   C. make       D. keep

2. A. catches       B. includes  C. offers      D. collects

3. A. sharp   B. great       C. hard        D. calm

4. A. known       B. right        C. far    D. different

5. A. chosen       B. tried        C. learned    D. promised

6. A. levels  B. points      C. steps       D. parts

7. A. reaching     B. accepting       C. pushing   D. setting

8. A. sitting        B. walking   C. fighting   D. working

9. A. of        B. from        C. on    D. with

10. A. think        B. succeed   C. perform   D. feel

 阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解解题步骤

1 先读问题。

2 后读文章

3 阅读文章时找出问题的答案。和问题无关联的词句段落可以略读。

阅读理解解题方法

1 证据：每个问题的答案都必须在文章找到问题的答案。

2 视而不见：见了生词不要害怕，如果和问题关系不大，可以视而不见。也可以猜测词义：从语境猜测；从构词法猜测。

3 避免选择绝对的答案。

4 尽量选择全面的答案。

1.语义题

　　如果在阅读中遇到了不熟悉的单词，或者尽管认识某单词却对某种特定语言环境下的意义或指代关系不理解，就需要运用一些语言知识和语法技能来猜测其含义。

　　语义题的主要目的不是考察学生的词汇量，而是考察学生通过上下文的意思、结构及指代关系等来分析词语或句子的能力。题干中所考察的词语或句子有以下几种情况：（1）所考察的内容为学生熟悉的词语，只不过在此文中词义有所引申，或有所指代；（2）所考察的内容为学生的常用词，但往往考察的是该词比较生僻或容易被忽略的一项含义，需要充分理解上下文才可能找出正确答案；（3）测试的内容对应试者来说可能完全是一个生词，只有通过上下文所提供的信息或线索才可以找到正确答案；（4）题干中所要考察的是一个代词所指代的具体内容。这类题型是语义题中比较特殊的，关键是掌握好句与句之间的结构关系。　作语义题时要注意文章中出现的各种线索，只要方法得当，再难的问题也可以迎刃而解。下面是几种语义题解题方法：

　　1. 定义

　　如果一个单词或词组比较生僻难懂，后面往往会给出它的定义，其形式往往是判断句，同位语等。例如：

　　Ecology， the relation of plants and living crea？鄄tures to each other and to their surroundings， at the tracts many experts.

　　　2. 类比

　　阅读文章中有时会出现类比，利用熟悉的词通过类比关系来推测生词的含义，是解题的有效方法之一。如下例所示：

　　As economist Thomas Schelling explains， “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values：careful drivers give weight to care， skilled drivers give weight to skill， and those who are polite give weight to courtesy，” This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.

　　　　3.同义词和反义词

　　在文章中经常在生词的同一句中或上下文会有同义词或反义词出现，只要知道其中一个词的含义，问题就迎刃而解了。例如：

　　The incipient stage of disease can be treated more easily than the later stages.

　　　　4.相关信息

　　有时，一个单词或词组的含义需要从上下文的相关信息来判断。上下文的相关信息越多越详细，就越容易准确地判断词义。例如：

　　Can we pay too much attention to detail？ Absolutely.Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger than they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees”， says Charles Garfield， associate professor at the Universi？鄄ty of California， San Francisco， “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we‘re working on fit into the larger picture.If they don’t，we should drop them and move to something else.”

　　问题：

　　The word perfectionists（para.3，Line 1）refers to those who ________.

　　A） demand others to get everything absolutely right

　　B）know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances

　　C）pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives

　　D）are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do

　　　　二、推断题

　　推断题要求学生具有根据已知信息进行推理和判断的能力。这类题从文章中找不到正确答案，需要读者从字里行间去体会作者的意图，因此难度较大。要正确解答此类题型，考生必须从作者明确叙述的观点和事实出发，推断作者的真正意图。

　　在生活中我们时时刻刻都会遇到推理和判断，无论是阅读还是交谈，我们都在不停地推理和判断。例如，你正要出门，你的同伴对你说：“好象要下雨！”从他的话中你可以推断出他是在提醒你带把伞，或是改个时间出去。

　　阅读文章进行的推理常常要比生活中的例子复杂得多，但也一定是建立在以下步骤的基础上：

　　1.对文章字面文字的正确理解。

　　2.根据上下文、常识和专业知识，对字面意思在具体环境中的含义做出正确理解。

　　3.掌握文章中心思想，体会作者的意图，在此基础上，进行合理推断。

　　阅读中常见问题

　　一、读过文章后，感觉似乎看懂了，做题时却犹豫不决，无法选出正确答案。

　　这种情况通常是考生的单词量不够、词义掌握不够扎实，或者语法结构掌握不到位，觉得自己看懂了，但具体到细节时，却无法做出正确选择。

　　二、看到题目后感觉无从下手。

　　这就要求考生熟悉本文所阐述的四种题型，针对不同的题型，采取不同的解题技巧。

　　三、 阅读速度太慢。

　　学生在做阅读理解题时，常常会出现如下不良习惯 ，严重影响阅读速度：

　　1.指读。阅读者形成边读边用手指在所读内容下划过的不良习惯。

　　2.唇读。读者在阅读时低声读出声音，或不出声的伴有唇部动作的默读。

　　3.回读。阅读时遇到读不懂的地方反复回读，浪费了大量时间。在阅读过程中，有些难懂的词或词组可以在理解句子大意的情况下忽略过去。

　　4.译读。有些考生在阅读的同时，习惯性地将英语翻译成汉语，浪费了大量时间。

阅读理解的方法：

先不读文章、先去看问题，看一个问题、找相关的文章在什么地方。

Passage 1 Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, however, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game". We may well be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no "matches" between "teams" of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face, linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork..

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

1. Which of the following is not a "team game"?

A. Football. B. Volleyball.

C. Tennis.D. Mountaineering.

Mountaineering爬山

2. To ignore the rules of mountaineering would ______.

A. be dangerous

B. not do any harm

C. help the climbers to climb faster

D. give the climbers more freedom in the course of climbing

ignore忽略，忽视 dangerous 危险的

3. According to the author, many people are attracted by mountain- eering because ______.

A. it is both dangerous and exciting

B. there is gold on some mountain peaks

C. it is the best form of sport

D. it is a sport free from man-made rules

attracted 有兴趣的 freedom 自由4. Only _______ can climb the highest mountains in the Alps.

A. experienced old men

B. young people

C. those who have high mental and physical qualities

D. strong sportsmen

Alps 阿尔卑斯山 mental 脑力的

5. Compared with young men, old climbers of sixty may climb a mountain with ______.

A. more skill

B. less time

C. less enjoyment

D. much more waste of effort

Memory is said t be stored in the brain as a “memory trace”.what makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the train works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers, for example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, and then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall, another method is called recognition, give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list, often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall, a third method of finding how much a person probably learn the list the send time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as measure of how much a person has remembered. 在反复记忆的过程所花的时间的差异是衡量记忆多少的标准。

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important, motivation is linked with reward, for example, hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if the action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation, the praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

1.  We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that        .

A.      bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B.     it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C.      chemical substances carry certain memories

D.      memory is stored in the brain as a substance

2.  The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as        .

A.     Recognition

B.      Recall

C.      Memorization

D.      Relearning

3.  What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?

A.      The length of the list.

B.      The type of the items

C.     The time difference of relearning

D.      The time difference of brain working

4.  A good way to rain an animal to do something quickly is to       .

A.      make the action easy

B.      praise it in words

C.     reward it with food

D.      weaken its motivation